Horse Welfare

By Gemma Redrup - also available in the August 2026 Issue of the BE Magazine


We talk to eventing experts on the importance of welfare before, during and after an event.

Whether competing at grassroots level or five-star, every rider shares the same responsibility: putting their horse’s welfare at the top of their priorities. The Five Freedoms of animal welfare remain the foundation of good horsemanship, ensuring horses are protected from hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain, injury and disease while allowing them to remain healthy and comfortable in their environment. We spoke to some industry experts to get their advice on how they promote outstanding horse welfare before, during and after an event.

Routine is everything
Adam Short, head travelling groom for Tom McEwen

“My main point is to maintain a routine. You don’t want to change anything drastically in the lead-up to a competition, during it or afterwards. Horses are creatures of habit, and the closer you can keep everything to their normal routine, the less stressful it is for them.

“The biggest thing is knowing your horse inside out. Know how much they normally drink in a day, whether they’ll drink from one bucket but not another, whether they dunk their hay, or how much forage they usually leave. If you’re staying away, get to know what the stable normally looks like when you muck out in the morning. Those little details can tell you an awful lot.

“It’s often the smallest changes that are the first sign that something isn’t quite right. If you know what’s normal for your horse, you’ll spot those changes much sooner before they become a bigger problem.

“There are the obvious things we all do after cross-country, like cooling them properly, icing where needed, giving them time to recover, a quieter day after their run and trotting them up to make sure they’re sound. But for me, it all comes back to knowing your horse as an individual and keeping life as normal as possible. A calm, familiar routine creates a much less stressful environment, and that’s one of the best things you can do for their welfare.”

Keeping horses cool
David Doel, five-star event rider


“The main things we work to at a competition are quite simple. Number one is making sure the horses are offered water continuously. Number two is keeping them out of direct sunlight whenever we can. And number three is making sure there’s always a good flow of air through the lorry. We’re lucky enough to have fans fitted, but we also open every window and every door so there’s always a breeze going through.

“When we’re competing, I try to keep the warm-up to a minimum. You obviously want the horse to be properly prepared and able to perform well, but you don’t want to overdo it or waste energy before they’ve even started.

“Recovery is just as important. We keep offering plenty of water to drink and use a constant flow of cold water over the horse after cross-country.

"There's been a lot of research into cooling horses after exercise, and we use the ‘no scraping’ approach, so we keep applying cold water and let it evaporate naturally rather than scraping it off between applications. It’s a simple but very effective way of helping horses cool down after a hard effort.”

Welfare starts before competitors arrive

Philip Surl, British Eventing technical advisor

“Horse welfare starts long before the first competitor leaves the start box. The obvious things are that courses, fence dimensions and fence types are all checked to make sure they meet the rules, but they also have to be appropriate for the terrain and the level of competition.

“Ground preparation has become one of the biggest welfare challenges, particularly during prolonged dry weather. British Eventing owns specialist ground-care machinery that can improve the going to an acceptable standard, even in difficult conditions, although it’s very much a firefighting measure. Ideally, once the ground has been aerated, it needs rain or irrigation to get the full benefit.

“Where organisers are able to water, it makes a huge difference, but people often underestimate what’s involved. It’s not a case of putting a little water on the surface – it takes an enormous volume of water, a lot of machinery and many hours of work, often through the night, to have a meaningful impact on the going.

“Welfare doesn’t stop with the course itself. Warm-up arenas and collecting areas are just as important, and we’ve seen many organisers invest in better wash-down facilities, ice, large water tanks and mobile water supplies around the course. If a horse is delayed or stopped for any reason, the priority is getting water to it as quickly as possible. It really is a multi-layered approach, with everyone working together to put horse welfare first.”

Ever wondered what stretches to do?

You'll be there new best friend - it involves carrots!

Understanding Fatigue

Prioritising your horse, even the best-conditioned horses can experience fatigue

Do you wonder how horses learn?

No need, we have the answer- learn from Gemma Pearson.

Preparation protects welfare
Charlotte Oastler BVetBio BVSc CertAVP MRCVS, equine vet“

The first thing is making sure your horse is fit and ready for the event. Whenever we’re talking about welfare, we need to make sure the horse isn’t experiencing pain or showing any evidence of disease. They need to be fit for the level of competition they are being asked to do. “If you’re moving up a level or asking them to work for longer, faster periods, you need to make sure their fitness matches that demand. A pre-season check with your vet can be valuable because subtle issues may affect both comfort and performance.
“We often focus entirely on the horse, but rider fitness and equipment can influence the job the horse is being asked to do. Scientifically, once the combined weight of the tack and rider reaches around 10% of the horse’s bodyweight, it can start to affect performance. It is very easy to underestimate how much equipment weighs and the impact that can have.
“Preparation also means thinking about the conditions you are going to face. You don’t need to be galloping repeatedly on hard ground to prepare for an event, and you should consider how you can build fitness while protecting your horse for the rest of the season.
“Horses also need to be gradually accustomed to different conditions. If you know you are going to compete in hot weather, for example, it is worth considering how you can safely prepare them. Earlier this year at Newbury Racecourse, we had the first warm day of the season, around 16 degrees Celsius, and I had a couple of cases of horses suffering from heatstroke because they had not yet been training in those conditions.
"Other things to consider include is the tack fitting correctly? Are boots, girths or other equipment likely to cause rubbing or discomfort?
“During the event, horses should still be able to behave normally, relax and have their basic needs met. They shouldn’t be left without food for long periods – they should have access to a haynet for the entirety of the day.
“Recovery is just as important. Cooling is essential after hard work, and water should be applied generously while monitoring the horse’s temperature. Ice boots can be useful, but they need to be removed once they warm up, else they can start to heat up a horse’s legs.
The aim is always to help the horse return to a comfortable, normal state as quickly and safely as possible.”

Competition Day Feeding
Jane Buchan from Baileys Horse Feeds, British Eventing’s Official Feed Partner, explains how to feed your horse effectively on competition day

Fibre for Health

Constant access to forage, on a competition day or when travelling helps satisfy the horse’s physiological need to chew and supports gastric and digestive health, while fibre it the hindgut acts as a fluid reservoir, helping maintain hydration.

Adrenaline Rush

Stress and excitement result in the release of adrenaline and the passing of more, often loose, droppings and an increased loss of beneficial bacteria from the hindgut. Feeding a gut supplement before, during and after competition days, will support the gut microbiome and help maintain a healthy balance.  

Keeping Calm

A horse that becomes excited as soon as he senses it is competition day is best left to finish his feed before the lorry is moved or his mane is plaited. He will digest his feed much more efficiently if he is relaxed and calm and he should ideally eat all his feed to prepare him for the day ahead.  

Hydration

Water should always be available to the horse before travelling and giving an electrolyte supplement may be worthwhile as, whilst the body cannot store electrolytes, ensuring he is not starting the day with a deficit can help maintain hydration levels and delay fatigue.  
Water with electrolytes should be offered throughout the day and ideally within one hour of the horse stopping sweating, to help the horse rehydrate, aiding recovery.
Adding a handful of chaff or soaked beet/mash, to an electrolyte solution, can tempt a fussy drinker, or electrolytes can be given in a very wet sloppy mash.

Lunch Break

If the timetable at the competition allows, there is no reason why a horse should not receive a small routine mid-day compound feed, providing he has the time to digest it before any strenuous work or the journey home.  

Replenishment and Recovery

On returning home, normal feeding routine should be maintained to help the horse replenish nutritional reserves and to support recovery. Electrolytes may be added, if the horse has not taken any during the day or has sweated again on the journey home. If calorie intake is cut back on a horse’s rest day, topping up the feed with a low calorie balancer will ensure levels of essential nutrients are maintained.

Hydration Matters

Rachael Heald from Equell, British Eventing’s Official Nutrition Partner, explains the role of hydration in keeping event horses performing at their best

Hydration is one of the most important aspects of preparing an event horse for performance. While many riders associate it with hot summer days, maintaining fluid balance is essential throughout the year, including winter. Travelling, competing, changes in routine and even cooler weather can all influence how much a horse drinks, with real implications for performance, recovery and colic.

Water is involved in almost every bodily function, regulating temperature, transporting nutrients, supporting circulation and enabling muscles to work efficiently. During cross-country, horses can lose significant fluid through sweating as they dissipate heat.

"Water accounts for approximately 60% of a horse's total blood volume, so losses through sweating can quickly cause significant dehydration if not addressed. A horse can easily lose 12L of fluid per hour of sweating during strenuous work."
Charlotte Radley, MRCVS
Along with water, electrolytes such as sodium, chloride and potassium are lost too. If these aren't replaced, horses may be slower to recover, show reduced stamina or be less willing to perform.
A common misconception is that a horse will always drink enough if water is available. In reality, many horses drink less when travelling or away from home, where unfamiliar water and routine changes can quietly reduce intake before a horse even begins work.
"Post-exercise, horses often don't drink enough to replace fluid lost via sweat. Providing electrolytes can effectively induce water consumption and rehydration, while replacing the minerals that have been depleted." 
Jennifer Little, RNutr
Early signs of dehydration can include:
  • reduced skin elasticity,
  • tacky gums,
  • darker urine,
  • reduced appetite and
  • prolonged recovery after exercise.

Prevention starts well before the lorry is loaded. Ensure constant access to fresh water at home and consider soaking fibre feeds to boost fluid intake. At events, offer water regularly rather than waiting until your horse seems thirsty, and take familiar buckets or water from home if they're reluctant to drink away.
Alongside water, feeding a balanced electrolyte supplement before travel or competition, and again after significant sweat losses, helps maintain fluid balance. Equell's gut friendly UltraElectroS replaces key electrolytes lost through sweat, supporting hydration and recovery in hardworking horses year-round.
Success is built on strong foundations. Ensuring your horse is properly hydrated before, during and after exercise is one of the simplest steps you can take to help them feel, perform and recover at their very best.  

Ready to take the next step?

Whether you're preparing for your first event or looking to build on your experience, BE Prepared gives you free access to expert coaching videos, practical guides, downloadable checklists and event-day advice to help you train smarter and compete with confidence.